His 9-year rule (formal from 1681) strengthened Maratha resolve, though it ended tragically with his capture and execution, inspiring fiercer resistance under successors like Rajaram.

Ashoka’s 36–37-year reign transformed the Mauryan Empire from a militaristic state into a model of ethical governance, welfare, and religious pluralism.

His reign was interrupted by a major defeat and 15-year exile (1540–1555), during which he sought refuge in Sindh, Rajasthan, and Persia (Safavid Empire).

His 22-year reign (1605–1627) emphasized continuity with Akbar’s policies.

After Jahangir’s death in 1627, he eliminated rivals (including brothers Shahryar and others) and ascended the throne in 1628.

His 5-year reign (1540–1545) as Sultan of Hindustan introduced groundbreaking reforms in administration, revenue, currency, infrastructure, and military organization, many of which Akbar later adopted and expanded.

His formal reign as Chhatrapati began with his coronation in 1674, though he had been de facto ruler for decades.

His invasions into India began around 1519, culminating in the establishment of the Mughal Empire in northern India.

Akbar reigned from 11 February 1556 to 27 October 1605, succeeding his father Humayun at age 13.